Short positions disclosed across Europe
Thirty-one regulators run the same disclosure regime. One of them distributes it as open data we may republish. This page shows that one in full, and says exactly what each of the other thirty returned when we called it. Every observation is dated on the day the regulator PUBLISHED it — never on the day the position was taken.
31
jurisdictions probed
each one called, none assumed
70
issuers
with a disclosure still published
2026-08-28
as of
latest publication date, not today
30
days before we call it stale
a convention we expose so you can reject it
Source: Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF), via data.gouv.fr — last updated 2026-09-01. Republished under the French Open Licence 2.0. This page is not official and is not endorsed by the AMF.
Austria
Register page onlyFMA — Finanzmarktaufsicht
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.fma.gv.at/en/short-selling/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.fma.gv.at/en/short-selling/net-short-positions/
probed on 2026-09-01
Belgium
Register page onlyFSMA — Autoriteit voor Financiële Diensten en Markten
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.fsma.be/en/shortsellingHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
probed on 2026-09-01
Bulgaria
Register page onlyFSC — Комисия за финансов надзор
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.fsc.bg/en/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
2 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.fsc.bg/en/markets/short-sales/
- https://www.fsc.bg/short-sales/
probed on 2026-09-01
Cyprus
No page reachedCySEC — Επιτροπή Κεφαλαιαγοράς Κύπρου
None of the candidate URLs answered on the day of the probe. That is a measurement, not a verdict on the regulator.
- Public register
- www.cysec.gov.cy/en-GB/public-info/short-selling/HTTP 410
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
the short-selling URL returns HTTP 410 GONE — the server declares the resource DELETED, not merely absent
2 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.cysec.gov.cy/en-GB/public-info/net-short-positions/
- https://www.cysec.gov.cy/en-GB/entities/investment-firms/short-selling/
probed on 2026-09-01
Czechia
Register page onlyČNB — Česká národní banka
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.cnb.cz/en/supervision-financial-market/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.cnb.cz/en/supervision-financial-market/conduct-of-supervision/short-selling/
probed on 2026-09-01
Germany
Register page onlyBaFin — Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.bundesanzeiger.de/pub/en/nlpHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
the register is run by the Bundesanzeiger on BaFin's behalf; it is a JavaScript application, not a file
probed on 2026-09-01
Denmark
No page reachedFinanstilsynet — Finanstilsynet
None of the candidate URLs answered on the day of the probe. That is a measurement, not a verdict on the regulator.
- Public register
- www.finanstilsynet.dk/en/Tal-og-fakta/ShortsellingHTTP 404
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
2 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.finanstilsynet.dk/tal-og-fakta/shortselling
- https://www.finanstilsynet.dk/en/
probed on 2026-09-01
Estonia
Register page onlyFI — Finantsinspektsioon
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.fi.ee/enHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.fi.ee/en/capital-market/short-selling
probed on 2026-09-01
Spain
Register page onlyCNMV — Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.cnmv.es/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
the net-short-position search page returns HTTP 403 to a client that names itself; only the site root answers
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.cnmv.es/portal/Consultas/BusquedaPorPosicionesCortas.aspx
probed on 2026-09-01
Finland
Register page onlyFIN-FSA — Finanssivalvonta
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.finanssivalvonta.fi/en/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.finanssivalvonta.fi/en/capital-markets/issuers-and-investors/net-short-positions/
probed on 2026-09-01
France
Published hereAMF — Autorité des marchés financiers
Licence read at the primary source and it allows republication. The data below is ours to show.
- Public register
- www.data.gouv.fr/datasets/historique-des-positions-courtes-nettes-sur-actions-rendues-publiques-depuis-le-1er-novembre-2012HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- www.data.gouv.fr/api/1/datasets/historique-des-positions-courtes-nettes-sur-actions-rendues-publiques-depuis-le-1er-novembre-2012/csvHTTP 200
probed on 2026-09-01
Who is shorted, and by how many
One row per issuer. The total is the sum of the positions STILL disclosed at that date — a disclosure the AMF has stopped publishing is removed, because the regulator itself says when it stops being public.
“No longer published” is not “closed”: disclosure is required above a threshold, and a position can survive below it. That is why the age of the oldest disclosure still counted is a column, not a footnote.
| Issuer | Short disclosed | Holders | Concentration | 5-day change | Oldest still counted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UBISOFT ENTERTAINMENTFR0000054470 | 13.86 % | 12 | 0.098 | +0.17 % | 149 d(4) |
| VALEOFR0013176526 | 11.34 % | 9 | 0.141 | +0.41 % | 85 d(2) |
| TELEPERFORMANCEFR0000051807 | 8.18 % | 7 | 0.179 | -0.10 % | 449 d(1) |
| RENAULTFR0000131906 | 7.11 % | 7 | 0.181 | +0.91 % | 63 d(1) |
| FDJ UNITEDFR0013451333 | 6.58 % | 4 | 0.445 | -0.09 % | 44 d(1) |
| VIRIDIENFR001400PVN6 | 6.50 % | 8 | 0.146 | +0.21 % | 574 d(2) |
| ABIVAXFR0012333284 | 5.03 % | 5 | 0.220 | 0.00 % | 30 d |
| REMY COINTREAUFR0000130395 | 4.76 % | 4 | 0.367 | 0.00 % | 84 d(3) |
| ALSTOMFR0010220475 | 4.68 % | 5 | 0.224 | +0.03 % | 73 d(1) |
| VUSIONGROUPFR0010282822 | 3.99 % | 6 | 0.179 | -0.21 % | 175 d(3) |
| FORVIAFR0000121147 | 3.96 % | 4 | 0.329 | 0.00 % | 2775 d(2) |
| SPIE SAFR0012757854 | 3.77 % | 4 | 0.276 | +0.02 % | 16 d |
| SOPRA STERIA GROUPFR0000050809 | 3.50 % | 4 | 0.303 | +0.70 % | 60 d(1) |
| WORLDLINEFR0011981968 | 3.42 % | 3 | 0.361 | 0.00 % | 170 d(3) |
| DBV TECHNOLOGIESFR0010417345 | 3.39 % | 3 | 0.428 | +0.07 % | 9 d |
| PUBLICIS GROUPE SAFR0000130577 | 3.38 % | 4 | 0.260 | 0.00 % | 2355 d(1) |
| NEXITYFR0010112524 | 2.91 % | 4 | 0.253 | +0.04 % | 99 d(1) |
| SODEXOFR0000121220 | 2.86 % | 4 | 0.259 | 0.00 % | 28 d |
| EXAIL TECHNOLOGIESFR0000062671 | 2.77 % | 4 | 0.275 | 0.00 % | 31 d(1) |
| WORLDLINEFR00140182K6 | 2.75 % | 3 | 0.395 | -0.12 % | 17 d |
Sum of the rows shown: 104.74 %. ⛔ Never compare this to the AMF's aggregated series: those are a different population, with different reporting thresholds. The gap is not an error.
50 more issuers are not shown here.
To be clear: the underlying data is public, under the French Open Licence 2.0. You can download the same file without us — data.gouv.fr. Your address buys convenience here, not access. What it does not buy is the publication-dated aggregation above — that part is ours.
Total in the file: 70 issuers.
United Kingdom
Licence forbids republicationFCA — Financial Conduct Authority
The licence text was read at the primary source and it forbids redistribution. It is listed here precisely because it is blocked.
- Public register
- www.fca.org.uk/markets/short-selling/notification-disclosure-net-short-positionsHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- www.fca.org.uk/publication/data/short-positions-daily-update.xlsxxlsxHTTP 200
probed on 2026-09-01
Greece
Register page onlyHCMC — Επιτροπή Κεφαλαιαγοράς
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.hcmc.gr/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
the site answers over plain HTTP only; the HTTPS variant timed out
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- http://www.hcmc.gr/en_US/web/portal/shortselling
probed on 2026-09-01
Croatia
Register page onlyHANFA — Hrvatska agencija za nadzor financijskih usluga
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.hanfa.hr/en/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.hanfa.hr/en/capital-market/short-selling/
probed on 2026-09-01
Hungary
Register page onlyMNB — Magyar Nemzeti Bank
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.mnb.hu/en/supervisionHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.mnb.hu/en/supervision/legal-framework/short-selling
probed on 2026-09-01
Ireland
Register page onlyCBI — Central Bank of Ireland
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.centralbank.ie/regulation/industry-market-sectors/securities-markets/short-selling-regulationHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.centralbank.ie/regulation/markets-update/short-selling
probed on 2026-09-01
Iceland
Register page onlyCBI — Seðlabanki Íslands — Fjármálaeftirlitið
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.cb.is/financial-supervision/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.fme.is/en/
probed on 2026-09-01
Italy
Visible, but not openCONSOB — Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa
Reachable only behind a captcha or a 403. This is the distinction the whole page is built on: publicly VISIBLE is not OPEN.
- Public register
- www.consob.it/web/consob-and-its-activities/short-sellingHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
the positions file published under this page is served behind a Radware captcha: visible, unreachable by a program
probed on 2026-09-01
Liechtenstein
Register page onlyFMA — Finanzmarktaufsicht Liechtenstein
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.fma-li.li/en/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.fma-li.li/en/supervision/securities-markets/short-selling.html
probed on 2026-09-01
Lithuania
Visible, but not openLB — Lietuvos bankas
Reachable only behind a captcha or a 403. This is the distinction the whole page is built on: publicly VISIBLE is not OPEN.
- Public register
- www.lb.lt/en/short-sellingHTTP 403
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
HTTP 403 to a client that names itself, on the site root as well as on the candidate page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.lb.lt/en/
probed on 2026-09-01
Luxembourg
Register page onlyCSSF — Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.cssf.lu/en/short-selling/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
probed on 2026-09-01
Latvia
Register page onlyLB — Latvijas Banka
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- uzraudziba.bank.lv/en/market/capital-market/short-selling/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
probed on 2026-09-01
Malta
Register page onlyMFSA — Malta Financial Services Authority
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.mfsa.mt/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
2 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.mfsa.mt/publications/short-selling/
- https://www.mfsa.mt/publications/short-selling-notifications/
probed on 2026-09-01
Netherlands
Register page onlyAFM — Autoriteit Financiële Markten
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.afm.nl/en/sector/registers/meldingenregisters/netto-shortposities-actueelHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
the register is browsable but rendered by JavaScript; no machine export was found under this page
probed on 2026-09-01
Norway
Machine-readable, not republishedFinanstilsynet — Finanstilsynet
A machine-readable endpoint answered. That means we can READ it — not that we may republish it. Republication needs a licence text read at the primary source, never an HTTP code.
- Public register
- ssr.finanstilsynet.no/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- ssr.finanstilsynet.no/api/v2/instrumentsjsonHTTP 200
What that endpoint actually returned
Named holders are exactly what the UK stopped publishing on 13 July 2026. We are not republishing this: the licence has not been read at the primary source, and UNKNOWN never falls back to ALLOWED.
a public, documented JSON API (ReDoc at /api/v2/). It serves the ISIN, the issuer name, the daily history AND the holder names — the regime the United Kingdom switched off
probed on 2026-09-01
Poland
Register page onlyKNF — Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.knf.gov.pl/en/MARKET/Capital_market/Short_sellingHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
probed on 2026-09-01
Portugal
Register page onlyCMVM — Comissão do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- www.cmvm.pt/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
only the root answers, and in 6 kB: the site is being rebuilt and no short-selling page was reached
2 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.cmvm.pt/en/
- https://web3.cmvm.pt/english/
probed on 2026-09-01
Romania
Register page onlyASF — Autoritatea de Supraveghere Financiară
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- asfromania.ro/en/a/1836/short-sellingHTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
probed on 2026-09-01
Sweden
Machine-readable, not republishedFI — Finansinspektionen
A machine-readable endpoint answered. That means we can READ it — not that we may republish it. Republication needs a licence text read at the primary source, never an HTTP code.
- Public register
- www.fi.se/en/our-registers/net-short-positions/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- www.fi.se/sv/vara-register/blankningsregistret/GetBlankningsregisterAggregat/odsHTTP 200
the register publishes an aggregated ODS file, served as an attachment. INDIVIDUAL positions go through two other endpoints (`GetAktuellFile`, `GetHistFile`) whose exact route was not reached on 2026-09-01
probed on 2026-09-01
Slovenia
Visible, but not openATVP — Agencija za trg vrednostnih papirjev
Reachable only behind a captcha or a 403. This is the distinction the whole page is built on: publicly VISIBLE is not OPEN.
- Public register
- www.a-tvp.si/enHTTP 403
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
HTTP 403 to a client that names itself
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://www.a-tvp.si/
probed on 2026-09-01
Slovakia
Register page onlyNBS — Národná banka Slovenska
The register page answers, but no file or API was found under it. The disclosures exist; they are not distributed as data.
- Public register
- nbs.sk/en/HTTP 200
- Machine-readable endpoint
- none found under the register page
1 candidate URL(s) that did NOT answer — kept, not deleted
- https://nbs.sk/en/financial-market-supervision/
probed on 2026-09-01
The mechanism
Why the date is the whole product
A disclosure has two dates: when the position was taken, and when the public could learn it. Dating an observation on the first hands you one to three days of look-ahead — a backtest that looks excellent for a reason you cannot see in the data.
Publication minus position date — 40,423 disclosures, measured 2026-08-31
Gap between the PUBLICATION date and the POSITION date. 77 % of rows are published one day later. Dating an observation on the position date would hand you one to three days of advance on the market — a backtest that looks excellent for an entirely false reason, and nothing in the data would let you notice.
Timestamp semantics, as shipped
Every observation is dated on `knowable_at` — the day the regulator PUBLISHED the information. The date the position was taken (`position_date`) is delivered separately, for description only, and must NEVER be used to date an observation: measured over 40,423 AMF rows, the gap is one day for 77 % of them and three days for 19 %. Rows whose source publishes no publication date carry `knowable_at = NULL` and are EXCLUDED from every dated aggregate — never folded back onto the date of the fact. There is no `inferred` value.
The mechanism
From a traded instrument to a legal entity
Market data speaks ISIN. Public registries speak national company number. The bridge between them is free to build and nobody sells it — here is how much of it survives each hop, measured rather than assumed.
- L0ISIN under a disclosed net short position (AMF)267100.0 %
- L1resolved to an issuer LEI (ESMA FIRDS)18870.4 %
- L2LEI known to GLEIF18870.4 %
- L3GLEIF publishes a national registry number18870.4 %
The ISIN → LEI → national registry number bridge loses nothing from L1 to L3. The loss is ENTIRELY in L0→L1: 79 ISINs of the AMF universe are not equities admitted to trading covered by the FIRDS file we read. Beyond the issuers themselves, GLEIF declares 2,437 direct subsidiaries, of which 2,363 carry a national registry number — the ones a public procurement or registry feed can actually be queried for.
Provenance
Every source, and what its licence actually says
Each licence below was read at the primary source, not taken from a portal's metadata field. One of them forbids us to publish anything — it is listed here anyway, with the clause. A catalogue that shows only its permitted sources lets you believe it never hit a wall.
Creative Commons Zero 1.0
Reproduction autorisée des informations ESMA — attribution required
Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (Etalab) — attribution required
Réutilisation des données TED (UE) — attribution required
Réutilisation des documents CORDIS (UE) — CC BY 4.0 — attribution required
FCA — Legal terms (conditions 3.2 à 3.5) forbids redistribution — link and short quotation only
Quality controls that ran on this extract
- ·no input row with `knowable_at > as_of` was read (checked by query)
- ·no `knowable_source = 'inferred'` — the value does not exist in the model
- ·`short_ratio_total_pct` is a SUM of individual disclosures: it must never be compared with `short_position_aggregates`, which is a different POPULATION
- ·a disclosure whose `published_to <= as_of` is EXCLUDED: the regulator itself says when it stops being public
- ·issuers with no disclosure known at `as_of` are ABSENT from the extract — not present with a total of 0, which would read as “position closed”